How an ACL that has been applied to a router via the access-class in command
<1-99 or 1300-1999> Specifies the standard ACL IP number range.
Permit Specifies packet to forward (to permit the configured source IP address traffic)
Deny Specifies packets to reject (ie (to deny the configured source IP address traffic)
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When network traffic passes through an interface configured with an ACL, the router compares the information within the packet against each ACE, in sequential order, to determine whether the packet matches one of the ACEs. This process is called packet filtering